Anecdotal Evidence

One thing people often give undue weight is anecdotal evidence. This is usually the telling of a notable story or event. It is not necessarily representative of anything typical. In science, anecdotes may be good for developing a hypothesis, but absolutely nothing beyond that, I’m afraid. Say, for example, I’m looking at some stratum in the Appalachians and I notice in one area a large, distinctive band of coloration. This gives me some good reason to investigate a bit further. Perhaps my hypothesis can be that I have just discovered a new layer of sediment that marks a particular time period in geological history. But I don’t know anything at the time of discovery. The coloration may just be some Kool Aid a hiker spilled in the area, or maybe there is an interaction between bird droppings, tree sap, and acidic rain. I won’t know until I test this hypothesis rigorously. As it stands, my hypothesis has use in propelling me toward finding actual evidence, but it isn’t evidence itself.

This brings me to the blog of Michael Heath. He made a post on homosexuals being intolerant.

The “gay” issue is always portrayed in the media as one of tolerance. People don’t realize that the so-called “tolerance” goes only one way. I have never experienced true tolerance with homosexuals. The minute they realize that I am not going to budge on my morals they become insistent, mean, hard-hearted and sometimes vicious.

This may very well be true. But Heath has no idea if it is. He has no studies which demonstrate a correlation between homosexuality and a lack of cordiality. He has no statistical samples which prove out or lend credence to his claim. He may as well conclude a Kool Aid stain on Mount Katahdin links it to the blood of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous Period.

Heath continues.

There is no better example of this reality than this recent account from the streets of San Franciso. sic

He then links to an article which cites homosexual rights supporters outshouting a conservative news conference in front of the San Francisco city hall building. This is anecdotal support for an anecdote. It doesn’t help that Heath is accussing homosexuals of being hateful on the whole when it isn’t necessarily true that all the counter-protesters were gay.

It’s best to learn from the errors of Heath. Ignore your stance on homosexuality. That isn’t the point. Just don’t judge what might be a Kool Aid stain to be anything more until you have sufficient evidence.

Great New Tiktaalik Research

Details of Evolutionary Transition From Fish to Land Animals Revealed

So the jist of this new research is that Tiktaalik roseae has been vetted a bit better. Researchers viewed several Tiktaalik fossils and discovered some interesting new information on its internal anatomy. Of specific interest is the hyomandibula. Its function has changed significantly from its early arrival in fish to its current use in mammals. As it stands, this bone functions as part of the ear for mammals. It also functions as part of cranial motions for fish, namely it is very important to gill respiration. In Tiktaalik, it had a transitional function. That isn’t to say it acted as a sort of ear-gill. It didn’t. It had a function that resulted in better cranial movement, inherently giving it less importance toward gill respiration.

What’s really important here is to realize that this is the exact same bone in mammals as it is in fish. If Tiktaalik lies somewhere between fish and most land animals, we should see quite a few features lying in between. That’s precisely what we see. What’s further, this should help to demonstrate that when scientists speak of transitional features, they do not mean hybrid phenotypes like ear-gills or the silly crocoduck